On the range ecosystem dynamics of the jijiga rangeland, ethiopia a thesis submitted to the department of animal sciences, school of graduate studies haramaya university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in agriclture range ecology and management by. Parthenium weed causes losses of crops and pastures, degrading the biodiversity of natural plant communities, causing human and animal health hazards and resulting in serious economic losses to people and. Since then, nine species of insects and two rust fungi have been introduced. Biology, ecology and management of the invasive parthenium. As it matures, the plant develops many branches in its top half and may eventually reach a height of 2 m. Eleven agents, nine insect species and two rust pathogens, have been released against this. The result of the survey revealed that a total of 34 out of 55 districts were at high risk of parthenium infestation and 0. Phytochemistry and antimicrobial activity of parthenium. In some areas it has become an extremely serious agricultural and rangeland weed. Parthenium is a genus of north american shrubs in the sunflower tribe within the daisy family the name parthenium is derived from either the greek word parthenos, meaning virgin, or parthenion, an ancient name for a plant parthenium or gajar ghans is the most common invasive species in india. The results can also be downloaded as a csv file unicode utf8 encoding.
The act requires everyone to take all reasonable and practical steps to minimise the risks associated with invasive plants and animals under their control. Parthenium reduces yields of major crops and replaces valuable pasture species, decreasing livestock productivity. Request pdf biology, ecology and management of the invasive parthenium weed. Parthenium weed is a restricted invasive plant under the biosecurity act 2014 it must not be given away, sold, or released into the environment without a permit. Parthenium hysterophorus, a native plant of tropical and subtropical south and north america, has spread to east africa, where it is invasive and threatens food security, biodiversity, and human and animal health. Parthenium plant is capable of causing allergic respiratory problems, contact dermatitis, diarrhea, skin allergy, skin rashes excessive water loss, mutagenicity, both in human and livestock. This dangerous plant is known for its negative impact on biodiversity, agriculture and human being. This is a weed of global significance responsible for severe human and animal health. Home books herbicides, agronomic crops and weed biology. Initiation of biological control against parthenium hysterophorus l.
It is considered as one of the 100 most invasive species in the world by the iucn generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. Reviewarticle effects and management of parthenium hysterophorus. Distribution, biology and ecology of parthenium hysterophorus l. Evans international institute of biological control, silwood park, ascot, berks. The latest book in the cabi invasive series parthenium weed. Plant has been used as folk remedy for the treatment of infectious and degenerative diseases 2, 4. Although the introduced beetle zygogramma bicolorata pallister coleoptera. Parthenium hysterophorus is the seventh noxious alien species distributed in different part of the world.
This lecture talks about awareness on parthenium hysterophorus. Biological control efforts on parthenium hysterophorus l. The book draws on examples from 48 countries invaded by this weed and covers. Root extracts on seed germination and growth of maize and barley haroon rashid1 muhammad azim khan 2 anees amin 1 khalid nawab3 nazim hussain4 pankaj k. Parthenium hysterophorus an overview sciencedirect topics. Plants profile for parthenium hysterophorus santa maria. Initiation of biological control against parthenium.
The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Biology and management of parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus l. Description this book explores the most important aspects of the biology, ecology and management of what is one of the worlds worst weeds. Parthenium hysterophorus is an aggressive ubiquitous annual herbaceous weed with no economic importance unravelled till now. The full text of this article hosted at is unavailable due to technical difficulties. Read parthenium weed biology ecology and management. Its leaves are pale green, deeply lobed and covered with fine soft hairs. A detailed synthesis of the biology, impacts and spread of parthenium is. It is suspected to have sneaked into india along with wheat imported from the usa under pl480 scheme some time in early fifties. Native to mexico, central and south america, parthenium hysterophorus was accidentally introduced into several countries including australia, india, taiwan and ethiopia.
In view of the invasibility and known allelochemical properties exhibited by its presence in a given habitat, the weed is hypothesized to change soil properties significantly. Biology, ecology and spread of the invasive weed parthenium. Lower leaves in a basal rosette, these deciduous at maturity and stem leaves remaining, 320 cm long, 210 cm wide, bipinnatifid or pinnatifid. Parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus is considered one of. Pdf the seed biology of parthenium hysterophorus l. Proceedings of the eighth asianpacific weed science society conference, bangalore, india, november 22 to 29, 1981 2. Parthenium department of agriculture and fisheries. It is a common invasive species in india, australia. Bhowmik2 1 department of weed science, nwfp agricultural university, peshawar, pakistan 2 agriculture and agrifood canada, t1j 4b1, lethbridge.
Parthenium or gajar ghans is the most common invasive species in india. Parthenium hysterophorus, one of the worlds most dangerous weeds, is responsible for huge losses to the biodiversity, agriculture, economy, and health of livestock and human beings. Parthenium weed causes losses of crops and pastures, degrading the biodiversity of natural plant communities, causing human and animal health hazards and resulting in serious economic losses to people and their interests in. Parthenium weed biology ecology and management cabi invasives series epub format library publishing jan 16, 2020. Despite this, in 2003, south africa became the first african country and only the third country worldwide to implement a biological control.
Status of biological control of parthenium hysterophorus l. Parthenium hysterophorus plant causes milk disease in. Discover lifes page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification and distribution of parthenium hysterophorus santamaria discover life d i s c o v e r l i f e home all living things idnature guides global mapper albums labels search. An annual exotic alien weed, currently considered one of the seven most dreaded weeds of the world. Distribution and spread of parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus l. In the fight against parthenium, make sure to know your enemy. Asteraceae is a herbaceous annual of asteraceae family. Various weed control strategies are being used globally to reduce its population to manageable levels.
Asteraceae in india have gained momentum after the limitations of other methods were realized. Originally regarded as a major weed in australia and india, parthenium weed is now widespread in around 48 countries in africa, asia and the south pacific, and has the potential to spread to new countries in africa, asia and europe. Asteraceae parthenium, has been a major weed of global significance for several decades, with wideranging impacts on agriculture, biodiversity conservation, and human and animal health. Parthenium is a weed of national significance in australia. Biological control of parthenium, a major weed in grazing areas in australia, was initiated in the mid 1970s. Asteraceae is an invasive weed thought to be native.
This book has been a collective effort by 26 members of the international parthenium weed network, which is an international network of expert volunteers devoted to creating awareness about the parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus threat, and to sharing information on how to reduce its adverse impacts upon agroecosystems, the environment and human health. The annual herbaceous plant, parthenium hysterophorus l. Effects and management of parthenium hysterophorus. Harmful and beneficial aspects of parthenium hysterophorus. Naqamte plant health clinic center, department of entomology. Parthenium hysterophorus is an annual herb that aggressively colonizes disturbed sites.
Apfisn is a cooperative alliance of the 33 member countries in the asiapacific forestry. Purification and identification of 20kda protein from. Biology, ecology and management of the invasive parthenium weed. Native surveys revealed a large number of insects, but none of them was host specific. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties.
Pdf this book explores the most important aspects of the biology. Common names include santamaria, santa maria feverfew, whitetop weed, and famine weed. This is discussed in the biology and ecology section of this datasheet. Description this book has been a collective effort by 26 members of the international parthenium weed network, which is an international network of expert volunteers devoted to creating awareness about the parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus threat, and to sharing information on how to reduce its adverse impacts upon agroecosystems, the environment and human health. Buried seeds have been found to last much longer than seed on the soil surface, and a significant proportion can still germinate after eight to ten years. Parthenium hysterophorus is a species of flowering plant in the aster family, asteraceae. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Cuba y otres antilles, segun suramerica dende venezuela hasta arxentina y uruguai. Asteraceae in south africa initiation of biological.
Parthenium hysterophorus is an invasive plant, which was originated in americas and currently invades croplands and noncropped areas with different climatic, edaphic, and geographic conditions in more than 40 countries on five continents adkins and shabbir, 2014. Parthenium hysterophorus the asiapacific forest invasive species network apfisn has been established as a response to the immense costs and dangers posed by invasive species to the sustainable management of forests in the asiapacific region. Pankaj oudhia society for parthenium management sopam 28a, geeta nagar, raipur 492001 india pankajoudhia. Parthenium hysterophorus is a serious invasive weed of pasture systems, reducing pasture productivity 90% evans 1997. Asteraceae, commonly known as parthenium, is native to the gulf of mexico region and central south america dale, 1981. Parthenium hysterophorus is an annual herb that aggressively colonises disturbed sites. Study on antibacterial activity of parthenium hysterophorus l. Starr7085630parthenium hysterophorushabit along roadulupalakua ranchmaui 29586047581. Parthenium hysterophorus santa maria feverfew this plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.
Leaves are pale green, lobed, hairy, initially forming a basal rosette of strongly dissected leaves that. Distribution and spread of parthenium weed parthenium. Biology and management of parthenium weed parthenium. Parthenium is a competitive weed spreading in tropical countries field experiments were conducted to compare the e. Parthenium hysterophorus biology and ecology the biology and ecology of parthenium have. Parthenium hysterophorus parthenium hysterophorus subject category. Chrysomelidae has established at the sites of initial releases, its real. Biology, ecology and management of the invasive parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus l. Herbicide use and increased scourge of parthenium hysterophorus. Abstract this thesis deals with the results of a survey and experiments on the ecology, biology, and management of a recentlyintroduced weed, p. There are less data available on the abundance of parthe nium hysterophorus in meerut district due to less research, but there are plenty of parthenium found grown in the bare areas, railway platforms and in agriculture lands. Retief2 1agricultural research councilplant protection research institute, private bag x6006, hilton, 3245 south africa 2agricultural research councilplant protection research institute, private bag x5017, stellenbosch.
Infestation in western oromiya, ethiopia tarekegn fite 1, hirpa legesse2 and alembrihan marga 1department of entomology, ethiopia 2department of plant science, ethiopia submission. Large tracts of farmlands and pastures in the amhara regional state of ethiopia are infested by the invasive weed parthenium parthenium hysterophorus. A weed of global significance manpreetkaur,neerajkumaraggarwal,vikaskumar,andromikadhiman kurukshetrauniversity,kurukshetra,haryana6119,india. In india, it is locally known as carrot grass, congress grass or gajar ghans. Asteraceae, a noxious plant, inhabits many parts of the world, in addition to its native range in north and south america and the west indies. Wilson parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus flowering seed. Biology parthenium hysterophorus is an annual herb, erect, up to 2 m in height. Biological control of parthenium parthenium hysterophorus.
Parthenium also makes many people sick, causing both skin and respiratory allergies, and displaces native plant. High competitive success rate and adaptability of the species enable it to dominate diverse types of habitats. Sl5 7ta, uk abstract the neotropical composite, parthenium hysterophorus, has achieved major weed status in india and australia within the past few decades. Parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus, is a noxious weed of grazing areas in central queensland. Ever since the parthenium weed became a menace, efforts are being made to manage the weed by different methods such as manual, chemical and biological control. Asteraceae is an invasive weed throughout the world commonly known as altamisa, carrot grass, bitter weed, star weed, white top, wild feverfew, and the congress grass. Aster aceae, commonly known as parthenium, is a weed of global signi. The name parthenium is derived from either the greek word parthenos, meaning virgin, or parthenion, an ancient name for a plant. Parthenium hysterophorus plant causes milk disease in livestock and also responsible for. Biology, ecology and spread of the invasive weed parthenium hysterophorus in india. Asteraceae is an annual weed of worldwide significance in grasslands and riparian corridors. Parthenium hysterophorus invasion causes changes in aboveground vegetation and belowground soil nutrient contents, disturbing the entire grassland ecosystem in nepal as reported by timsina et al.
In vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. The plant exhibits wide ecological amplitude, and invades and competes with all types of crops, especially vegetables, with substantial losses in yield. Seven of them are widespread, however the time taken for field establishment varied widely between various agents, ranging from one to 15 years. Its adaptability to a wide range of habitats, droughttolerance, ability to release toxic chemicals against other plants allelopathy, rapid growthrate, and prolific. Read parthenium weed biology ecology and management cabi. This is a weed of global significance responsible for. This erect, ephemeral herb known for its vigorous growth and high fecundity especially in warmer climates is a native of northeast mexico and is endemic in america. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Phenology of parthenium hysterophorus a key factor for the success of its invasion. Uromycesrumicis gastrophysaviridula plantpathogen beetle usa usa tribulusterrestris. See status, confidence level, source for definitions. Utility potential of parthenium hysterophorus for its.
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